http://www.thefreedictionary.com/civil

1. Of, relating to, or befitting a citizen or citizens: civil duties.

2. Of or relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state: civil society; the civil branches of government.

3. Of ordinary citizens or ordinary community life as distinguished from the military or the ecclesiastical: civil authorities.

4. Of or in accordance with organized society; civilized.

5. Sufficiently observing or befitting accepted social usages; not rude: a civil reply. See Synonyms at polite.

6. Being in accordance with or denoting legally recognized divisions of time: a civil year.

7. Law Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished from criminal, military, or international regulations or proceedings.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/civil

1. of, pertaining to, or consisting of citizens: civil life; civil society.

2. of the commonwealth or state: civil affairs.

3. of citizens in their ordinary capacity, or of the ordinary life andaffairs of citizens, as distinguished from military andecclesiastical life and affairs.

4. of the citizen as an individual: civil liberty.

5. befitting a citizen: a civil duty.

6. of, or in a condition of, social order or organized government;civilized: civil peoples.

7. adhering to the norms of polite social intercourse; not deficientin common courtesy.

8. marked by benevolence: He was a very civil sort, and we liked himimmediately.

9. (of divisions of time) legally recognized in the ordinary affairs oflife: the civil year.

10. of or pertaining to civil law.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/civil

1 a : of or relating to citizens

b : of or relating to the state or its citizenry <civil strife>

2 a : civilized <civil society>

b : adequate in courtesy and politeness : mannerly <a civil question>

3 a : of, relating to, or based on civil law

b : relating to private rights and to remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings

c : established by law

4: of, relating to, or involving the general public, their activities, needs, or ways, or civic affairs as distinguished from special (as military or religious) affairs

5 of time : based on the mean sun and legally recognized for use in ordinary affairs

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/civil

- of the ordinary life of citizens as distinguished from military, legal, or ecclesiastical affairs

- of or relating to the citizen as an individual: civil rights

- of or occurring within the state or between citizens: civil strife

- polite or courteous

- of or in accordance with Roman law

Etymology: 14th Century: from Old French, from Latin c?v?lis, from c?vis citizen

For pareto efficiency (given everything is convex, returns to scale are <=1)

1. MRS of all consumers=Marginal rate of transformation (slope of production possibilites frontier)=p(x)/p(y)

2. MRTS (Rate of technical substitution) for all producers=wage rate/rental rate

Is it necessary that all conditions in 1 and 2 are equal among themselves too? As in, is MRS=MRTS=...==...?

Also, for 2nd welfare theorem to hold, do we require the PPF to be a convex set, or each individual production functions to be convex set?

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